Sermon and Comprehensive Report on the Madoff Scandal
December 26, 2008
Rabbi David Jay Kaufman
Who is he anyhow, an actor?" "No." "A dentist?"
"...No, he's a gambler." Gatsby hesitated, then added cooly:
"He's the man who fixed the World Series back in 1919."
"Fixed the World Series?" I repeated. The idea staggered me.
I remembered, of course, that the World Series had been fixed in 1919, but if I had thought of it at all I would have thought of it as something that merely happened, the end of an inevitable chain. It never occurred to me that one man could start to play with the faith of fifty million people--with the single-mindedness of a burglar blowing a safe.
"How did he happen to do that?" I asked after a minute.
"He just saw the opportunity."
[F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby]
The man in question in the Great Gatsby was Arnold Rothstein, the reputed funder of the Black-Sox Scandal. The words used by Fitzgerald could hardly be more apt in reference to Bernard Madoff.
In the wake of the $50 billion Madoff scandal charitable foundations are bankrupt, many others struggling to survive, and a multitude facing significant losses either to their assets through losses involving investments with Bernard Madoff or to their income because their benefactors suffered losses. This all comes at horrible time for the economy, when both assets and income were already depressed.
The scheme itself was simple, pay off older investors with deposits made by newer investors. I was recently sent a cartoon in which a policeman asks Madoff where he got this idea. His answer? "Social Security."
To an extent, investing in Madoff's fund was like buying an annuity. He paid 8-12% on your money every year. Those individuals and organizations who had been long invested with Madoff made off, I just couldn't resist, with more money than they otherwise would have gotten. Had they known that they were receiving money that they should keep to rebuild their corpus, some would have easily done so. Many reinvested the dividend which meant that not only did Madoff take their principal and hand it over to others, but their reinvestments were treated the same way. Some investors were worried about Madoff and took their money out over the past few years. Of these, a few saw their investments increase substantially, now known to have come largely, if not solely, through robbing one investor to pay another. Of these, several have said that they were worried that they had made the wrong decision as Madoff’s returns just kept coming.
It seems that of the investors who did flock to Madoff, virtually all of them saw Bernie Madoff's fund as a way to receive a steady income and maintain wealth. They saw it as a hedge fund, a safe investment.
Philanthropies and philanthropists entrusted their money with Madoff and spread their 10% dividends around the world. A grossly disproportional amount of those funds went to Jewish institutions and causes. Of those, a high percentage involved Orthodox institutions and Zionist causes.
But Madoff also wiped out pension funds for firefighters and teachers. He eliminated or dramatically reduced foundations that helped to fund bone marrow research, constructed hospitals, funded educational institutions, created libraries in poor communities, fought domestic violence, fed the hungry, clothed the naked and lifted the fallen. To put it bluntly, he grasped the hands that were doing God's work in making our world a better place, took the money that they gave him, and then chopped those hands off.
What are the implications for Jews? It is almost laughable to ask.
I delivered sermons and wrote articles about Shalom Rubashkin and the concept of Shandeh fur de Goyim, an embarrassment for the Jews. How can I even begin to address Madoff? Rubashkin was like leaving the bathroom with toilet paper stuck to your shoe whereas Madoff was like leaving home forgetting to put on clothes.
That story by Hans Christian Andersen may be perfectly apt here. Madoff sold investors on a vision that was entirely fictitious. He left the Jewish philanthropic world parading proudly without any clothes.
The damage to Jewish philanthropies has been catastrophic. The damage to Jewish philanthropists equally as bad at a minimum. We may never know the true extent of the personal wealth lost. The damage done to the concept of the philanthropic Jew and to Jewish communal trust is tremendous, after all he was a Member of the Tribe who moved through elite Tribal circles like a financial messiah. The damage done to the concept of Or L'goyim, being a light unto the nations, is yet to be determined. In Rubashkin and Madoff, the Jewish world has two prominent Jews whose Jewishness is worn on their sleeves, who publicly served the Jewish community and the Orthodox Jewish community in particular and who have done such egregious wrongs that they tarnished everyone connected to the Jewish community.
Bradley Burston may have said it best in his Haaretz Article published less than a week after the scandal broke:
For the true anti-Semite, Christmas came early this year. The anti-Semite's new Santa is Bernard Madoff. The answer to every Jew-hater's wish list.
The Aryan Nation at its most delusional couldn't have come up with anything to rival this: The former chairman of Nasdaq turns out, also, to be treasurer of the board of trustees at Yeshiva University and chairman of the university's business school. Rich beyond human comprehension, he handles fortunes for others, buying and selling in a trading empire that skirts investment banks and other possible sources of regulation. He redefines avarice, knowingly and personally bilking charities and retirees in the most classic of con games.
Even better, for those obsessed with the idea that Jews control finance, entertainment and the media, is the idea that Madoff's greed was uncontrollable enough that he targeted fellow Jews, even Holocaust survivors, some of them his own friends, as well as Israeli companies who insured Jews, including Holocaust survivors.
The beauty part, for the anti-Semite: Madoff's machinations, which could have been put to use for the sake of humanity, have directly harmed Jewish welfare and charity institutions. He has managed to harm contemporary Jewry in ways anti-Semites could only dream about...In the words of prominent educator Avraham Infeld, he "obliterated" long-standing charitable foundations for Jewish causes in Israel, Eastern Europe and North America.
The New York Post was more direct. "Working the so-called "Jewish circuit" of well-heeled Jews he met at country clubs on Long Island and in Palm Beach, and through his position on the boards of directors of several prominent Jewish institutions, he was entrusted with entire family fortunes. "The guy was totally respected. He was a heymishe Jewish guy. He had sweet old ladies and he let their children in," said a Manhattan lawyer who invested with Madoff.
Rabbi David Wolpe, commenting on the scandal, noted that Madoff violated the Ten Commandments, thou shall not steal.
In my mind, he made a mockery of the Ten Commandments. Thou shalt not steal--$50 billion. But not only that. Thou shalt not murder—it might be stretching it slightly, but there already was a suicide directly connected to the Madoff scandal and the loss of charitable contributions and programs for hospitals and other human services will certainly cost lives. Honor thy mother and father—Madoff destroyed family foundations, programs caring for the elderly, foundations giving to museums, religious institutions, schools, etc... Thou shalt not covet—country clubs, mansions, parties, social status. He made himself an idol, bowed down to wealth, and forgot all about God, truth, righteousness and kindness. He bore false witness with almost every utterance, swindling the haughty and the humble alike.
I have complied numerous articles on the Madoff scandal and as comprehensive an accounting of the damages as I could. I cannot share it all with you tonight, because I cannot ask you to stay here that long.
Schools, universities, hospitals, museums, synagogues, social services and other institutions in the Jewish world and beyond will pay an enormous price for this scandal. Gabrielle Berkner wrote on last week in the Forward that:
The president of the Jewish Funders Network, Mark Charendoff, has called Madoff’s collapse “the atomic bomb in the world of Jewish philanthropy.” The president of the Institute for Jewish & Community Research, Gary Tobin, spoke in equally dire terms: “For the philanthropic elite who invested with him, the means they would be giving away for many more years is gone. The long-term effects of dollars that would have been contributed is severe.”
I will speak about several organizations and if you would like a copy of the entire compilation taken from various articles, I would be happy to share it with you.
SEE BELOW
In The Jewish Daily Foward, Anthony Weiss quoted a victim of the scandal as saying, "It's like finding out that your father is a felon."
Madoff’s collapse has gone off like an atomic blast in the midst of that world, leaving behind the wreckage of shattered lives and fortunes, and creating a gaping hole where there were once billions of dollars — and, more importantly, implicit trust.
It is this trust that makes possible the very existence of the relatively intimate world of Jewish philanthropy, where charity and business often mix. The loss of money and trust together has dealt Jewish philanthropy — a pillar of American philanthropy — a blow from which it will not recover anytime soon.
“He has savaged Jewish civil society for a decade,” said one philanthropic recipient, who spoke of receiving “30, 40 calls from longtime donor friends who told me about the money they lost.” The recipient spoke on condition of anonymity to protect his donors and his institution.
The fraud has also wiped out or severely damaged the finances of wealthy Jews who, though less famous, are among the most reliable donors to Jewish causes. At the exclusive Palm Beach Country Club, where Madoff recruited many of his clients, philanthropic giving was a requirement for membership.
“This scandal has wiped out a generation of Jewish wealth,” said Brad Friedman, a lawyer representing a number of the victims of the alleged Madoff scam. “Let’s not kid ourselves, this is the most philanthropic community in America.”
Jewish philanthropic experts estimate that the total losses in Jewish giving — to both Jewish and non-Jewish causes — could run into billions of dollars.
“You’ll see organizations going out of business,” said Mark Charendoff, president of the Jewish Funders Network, which advises wealthy Jewish donors. “Staff will get fired, programs will get slashed. In some cases, you could see organizations merge. We just don’t know yet.”
The idea still staggers me. "It never occurred to me that one man could start to play with the faith of the Jewish people—with the single-mindedness of a burglar blowing a safe." Then again this week we mark the holiday celebrating the defeat of such a man, Antiochus IV, who looted the Temple in Jerusalem. Now, like then, we have to band together, rebuild, and dedicate ourselves anew. That is the very meaning of Chanukah.
"Who can retell the things that befell us, who can count them?"
Happy Chanukah and Shabbat Shalom,
-David
A compilation of articles and resources on the Madoff scandal follows
Initially this was a word document and there were indented paragraphs and regular ones. One cannot tell the difference in this format. Articles are taken from the NYTimes, Jewish Week, Haaretz Daily, NYPost, Forward, Wall Street Journal, Jerusalem Post, Telegraph and many other newspapers and sites. Very little below is original to me.
As I have worked to compile information on the Bernard Madoff Ponzi scheme, estimated by Madoff himself to involve approximately $50 billion in wealth lost, it has been difficult to find a comprehensive article. The scope of the scandal reaches into so many different corners and goes so deeply in the exclusive worlds of high society and private banking that it is only the public face of the scandal that seems accessible, few beyond those who must be held accountable to reveal their losses seem to be doing so. Individual investors have lost hundreds of millions, if not billions, of dollars and very little of those losses have been reported publically.
Initially, he tapped local money pulled in from country clubs and charity dinners, where investors sought him out to casually plead with him to manage their savings so they could start reaping the steady, solid returns their envied friends were getting.
Whatever else Mr. Madoff’s game was, it was certainly this: The first worldwide Ponzi scheme — a fraud that lasted longer, reached wider and cut deeper than any similar scheme in history, entirely eclipsing the puny regional ambitions of Charles Ponzi, the Boston swindler who gave his name to the scheme nearly a century ago.
“Absolutely — there has been nothing like this, nothing that we could call truly global,” said Mitchell Zuckoff, the author of “Ponzi’s Scheme: The True Story of a Financial Legend” and a professor at Boston University. These classic schemes typically prey on local trust, he added. “So this says what we increasingly know to be true about the world: The barriers have come down; money knows no borders, no limits.”
While many of the known victims of Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities are prominent Jewish executives and organizations — Jeffrey Katzenberg, the Spitzers, Yeshiva University, the Elie Wiesel Foundation and charities set up by the publisher Mortimer B. Zuckerman and the Hollywood director Steven Spielberg — it now appears that anyone with money was a potential target. Indeed, at one point, the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, a large sovereign wealth fund in the Middle East, had entrusted some $400 million to Mr. Madoff’s firm.
Regulators say Mr. Madoff himself estimated that $50 billion in personal and institutional wealth from around the world was gone. It vanished from the estates of the North Shore of Long Island, from the beachfront suites of Palm Beach, from the exclusive enclaves of Europe. Before it evaporated, it helped finance Mr. Madoff’s coddled lifestyle, with a Manhattan apartment, a beachfront mansion in the Hamptons, a small villa overlooking Cap d’Antibes on the French Riviera, a Mayfair office in London and yachts in New York, Florida and the Mediterranean.
At Oak Ridge Country Club, in suburban Hopkins, Minn., known for a prosperous Jewish membership, many who belonged were introduced to the Madoff firm by one of his friends, Mike Engler.
The quiet message became familiar in similar pockets of Jewish wealth and trust: “I know Bernie. I can get you in.” Mr. Engler died in 1994, but many Oak Ridge members remained clients of Mr. Madoff. One elderly member, who said he was too embarrassed to be named, said he had lost tens of millions of dollars, and had friends who had been “completely wiped out.”
"It's easy to remember how to pronounce his name now, he made off with our money." That was a statement that I heard in the days shortly after the scandal broke.
"There is no innocent explanation." That was Bernard Madoff's response when asked about the money missing from his investment accounts. "One big lie" was another.
"One big lie" led to an estimated $50 billion lost by banks, hedge funds, insurance companies, schools, pension funds, universities, hospitals, charitable organizations, philanthropists and more than a few individuals who had felt blessed to have their money handled by Bernard Madoff and to have those assets make relatively high 10% returns year after year whether the economy was good or bad. A grossly disproportionate percentage of the investors with Madoff were Jews and of them a large percentage were Orthodox Jews. Of the institutions and organizations affected, Jewish organizations were in the overwhelming majority.
Schools, universities, hospitals, museums, synagogues, social services and other institutions in the Jewish world and beyond will pay an enormous price for this scandal. Gabrielle Berkner wrote on last week in the Forward that:
The president of the Jewish Funders Network, Mark Charendoff, has called Madoff’s collapse “the atomic bomb in the world of Jewish philanthropy.” The president of the Institute for Jewish & Community Research, Gary Tobin, spoke in equally dire terms: “For the philanthropic elite who invested with him, the means they would be giving away for many more years is gone. The long-term effects of dollars that would have been contributed is severe.”
The Information below concerning organizations affected by the Madoff scandal primarily comes from the Forward:
The Chais Family Foundation which supported numerous educational programs to the tune of $12.5 million per year was "completely obliterated," losing approximately $178 million, and has now closed its doors. Haaretz Daily, one of the major Israeli newspapers, showed a picture of the Chais Family Foundation library in Mevasseret, Israel as it detailed the mounting philanthropic losses caused by the scandal.
The Yeshaya Horowitz Foundation disbursed about $140 million over the past 15 years in Israel. Started by an anonymous donor, it funded basic medical research - advancing theoretical knowledge in science and medicine with no immediate commercial value. Such work, however, often sets the stage for private industry to take over. Horowitz money paid for doctoral and post-doctoral fellowships, and was just now covering the completion of a lab to be jointly operated by Hadassah Hospital and the Hebrew University. Now it appears that the Yeshaya Horowitz Foundation has been wiped out.
Yeshiva University, upon whose board Bernard Madoff served for years as treasurer, lost at least $110 million. Madoff also chaired the school's business school.
Technion, Israel's Institute of Technology, approximately $7 million, but its American fundraising arm, American Technion Society lost an additional $72 million.
Members of "Fifth Avenue Synagogue" in New York City, with 300 members, estimate combined personal and foundational losses approaching $2 billion. Ira Rennert, chairman of the synagogue's board estimates losses of $200 million personally.
Elie Wiesel's Foundation for Humanity which ran enrichment centers for Ethiopian-Jewish youth in Israel, funded programs that promote cross-cultural dialogue and awarded an annual ethics prize lost “Substantially all” of the foundation’s assets according to its Web site, an estimated $37 million.
Hadassah, the Women's organization, estimates losses of $90 million dollars or one-third of the organization's endowment. Hadassah funds the Hadassah Medical Organization in Jerusalem and numerous health care initiatives, education, and at risk youth enrichment programs in Israel and the United States.
The Carl and Ruth Shapiro Family Foundation of Boston lost some $145 million. In 2006, this $324 million foundation gave away $12.9 million; of that much went to Jewish causes— including Boston’s Combined Jewish Philanthropies, the Anti-Defamation League and the Jewish Home for the Aged in Palm Beach. Brandeis University received some $3 million in support.
Bloomberg News reports that all but $1 million of the funds in New Jersey Senator Frank Lautenberg’s charitable foundation were invested with Madoff. In 2006, Lautenberg gave hundreds of thousands of dollars to Jewish causes — including a total of $357,000 to United Jewish Communities of MetroWest NJ, tax returns show. The foundation is estimated to have lost approximately $13 million.
Robert I. Lappin says that both his foundation's $8 million in assets and no small amount of his own wealth were invested with Madoff and are now gone. The 16-year-old charity funded teen trips to Israel, enrichment programs for Jewish educators, and interfaith outreach initiatives. The foundation closed on December 12.
According to the Wall Street Journal, Steven Spielberg's Charity, "the Wunderkinder Foundation, in the past appears to have invested a significant portion of its assets with Mr. Madoff, based on regulatory filings." It said that in 2006, profits from Madoff's firm accounted for some 70 percent of the interest and dividend income of the foundation. Wunderkinder Foundation is estimated to have lost tens of millions of dollars. Tax returns from 2007 show that director Steven Spielberg’s charitable organization gave a total of $8.6 million to hospitals, universities, synagogues, the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum and other institutions and organizations.
Mortimer Zuckerman, a real estate mogul in New York, and past Chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations, says that his charitable foundation lost an estimated $30 million of its $300 million endowment with Madoff.
Charles I. and Mary Kaplan Foundation of Rockville, Maryland lost $29 million. It was a major donor to the JCC of Greater Washington and to the Jewish Federation of Greater Washington.
United Jewish Endowment Fund of the Jewish Federation of Greater Washington is said to have lost $10 million. The fund supports Jewish institutions and services, and general social services, in and around the nation’s capital. The losses represent less than 10% of the fund’s investment portfolio, according to a press release from the organization.
The Madoff Family Foundation of New York set up by Bernard for his family had $19 million in theoretical assets evaporate, but in the real world, Jewish charities as the Gift of Life Bone Marrow Foundation and the Solomon Schechter School of Manhattan were counting on receiving donations from it.
The Jewish Community Foundation of Los Angeles lost $18 million. The foundation manages the endowments of the Jewish Federation of Greater Los Angeles and Jewish Family Service of Los Angeles, among other local Jewish social services providers. Madoff-related losses represent about 5% of the foundation’s assets; the federation is said to have lost $6.4 million, or 11% of its endowment funds.
Jerome Fisher, founder of Nine West fashion house and a major donor to Jewish and Israeli causes estimates at least a $150 million loss.
J. Ezra Merkin personally and Ascot Partners, a hedge fund, lost an estimated $1.8 billion. Merkin, the scion of a philanthropic family known for its support of Modern Orthodox causes, resigned as a YU trustee and as chairman of its investment committee on Friday following Madoff's arrest a day earlier.
The Ramaz School in New York is said to have lost $6 million. At the Modern Orthodox day school affiliated with Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun, Madoff-related losses have impacted the endowment, but they will not affect its faculty and staff pension program, school officials said.
North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System says that it lost $5.7 million in assets.
Mitzi & Warren Eisenberg Family Foundation of Union, N.J. lost $5.1 million of a $100 million-plus endowment. The foundation gives to educational and health care institutions, and to scores of Jewish and Israel charities. In 2006, it donated $950,000 to the Jewish Federation of Central New Jersey.
L Bravmann Foundation of Riverdale, N.Y. lost $5 million with Madoff. In 2006, the $20 million charitable foundation gave more than $1 million to the donor-advised Jewish Communal Fund, and smaller sums to other Jewish organizations.
Jewish Funds for Justice of New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore lost $3.9 million. The social justice organization funds congregation-based community organizing initiatives and other programs.
Maimonides School of Boston estimates its loss to be $3–5 million. The Modern Orthodox day school, founded in 1937 by Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik, lost an estimated 60% of a bequest that helps pay for operating costs.
Arthur and Sydelle F. Meyer Charitable Foundation of West Palm Beach,Florida lost $3.7 million. The charity gives to a wide range of cultural and educational causes and Jewish and Israeli institutions. The Meyer family reportedly lost additional funds that were in a charitable trust. The foundation will close, according to The Chronicle of Philanthropy.
Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun an Upper East Side Modern Orthodox synagogue affiliated with the Ramaz School lost $3.5 of its endowment.
Yad Sarah in Jerusalem lost $1.5 million. The organization provides health care and welfare services for disabled and elderly individuals.
SAR a Modern Orthodox Jewish day school Riverdale, N.Y. had $1.3 million invested or about one-third of its $3.7 million endowment.
American Jewish Congress which supports upgrading Israel’s role in NATO and advocates on behalf of religious freedom stateside sustained significant but unspecified losses. A trust fund left to the organization by Lillian and Martin Steinberg was managed by Madoff, as was a second part of the American Jewish Congress’s endowment fund.
Philip and Murial Berman Foundation of Allentown, Pa. lost a substantial amount of its estimated $42 million in assets. Last year, the foundation gave a total of $318,000 to a wide range of Jewish and arts organizations; donations included $50,000 to Hadassah, and smaller five-figure gifts to American Friends of Hebrew University, United Jewish Communities and the World Union for Progressive Judaism.
The Betty and Norman F. Levy Foundation of New York also lost substantially. A portion of its $244 million in assets was invested with Madoff. Among the Foundation’s contributions last year were a $100,00 to the vehicle Gift of Life Bone Marrow Foundation, $100,000 to the UJA-Federation New York, and nearly $30 million to the JEHT Foundation — a criminal justice reform organization that is expected to close in the wake of Madoff’s collapse.
The Picower Foundation of Palm Beach, Florida which had nearly $1 billion in assets, will shutter amid Madoff woes. According to its 2007 tax return, the Foundation last year gave away $23 million — including $225,000 to the Limmud NY conference of Jewish learning; $185,000 to the Jewish Outreach Institute; $109,278 to the Foundation for Jewish Camping, and $100,000 to a program that aids children and families living in Sderot, Israel. Medical research centers, after-school programs, and human rights organizations were also beneficiaries. The foundation has given $268 million to groups like the Picower Institute for Learning and Memory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Human Rights First, the New York Public Library and the Children’s Health Fund since it was established in 1989 by Barbara Picower and her husband, the investor Jeffry M. Picower, in Palm Beach, Fla.
Listed previously at $1 billion, the foundation’s assets were managed by Bernard L. Madoff, Mrs. Picower said in a statement, and his “act of fraud has had a devastating impact on tens of thousands of lives as well as numerous philanthropic foundations and nonprofit organizations.”
Jeff Wilpon, owner of the New York Mets, lost in the tens of millions of dollars invested with Madoff.
This list of woes does not even include pension funds. Pensions and Investments Online stated that:
The $6.5 billion New Mexico Educational Retirement Board, Santa Fe, stands to lose $8 million to $10 million through its $170 million investment in Austin Capital Partners’ Safe Harbor Fund. CIO Bob Jacksha said fund officials and trustees still are evaluating the impact.
The $270 million New Orleans City Employees’ Retirement System could lose about $350,000 from Madoff investments made in its combined $5 million allocation to hedge funds of funds managed by Meridian Capital Partners and UBP Asset Management, said Jerry Davis, chairman of the board of trustees.
The biggest institutional investor loss uncovered so far is $41 million by the Fairfield (Conn.) Town Retirement Fund. The $233 million plan had 17.6%, or $41 million, invested as of Nov. 30 in the MAXAM Absolute Return Fund, managed by Madoff Investment Securities.
Shell company's pension fund lost $45 million. Dr. Robert Dawe of Fairfield-based Orthopaedic Specialty Group said Tuesday the doctors have been in contact with lawyers trying to sort out this mess that blindsided them. The group's entire retirement fund, which covers more than 130 people, was invested with Bernard Madoff Investment Securities LLC.
Geneva-based Union Bancaire Privée is the best-known private bank to get hit, with $700 million of its clients’ money invested with Mr. Madoff. Large banks like HSBC and the Royal Bank of Scotland lent more than $1.5 billion to money management firms, which leveraged larger returns on their investments with Madoff. In return, these big banks received collateral in the form of assets in Madoff's firm, which are most likely worthless now.
The latest European victim to reveal losses is Bank Medici of Austria. Two funds at the bank, based in Vienna and 75 percent owned by its chairwoman, Sonja Kohn, invested $2.1 billion entirely in Madoff's firm, the bank said on Tuesday. So far, financial institutions on the Continent and in the United Kingdom have announced $10 billion worth of exposure.
BNP Paribas has nearly $500 million in exposure to Madoff, a major contributor to the $1.4 billion loss the Paris giant's corporate and investment banking unit announced on Tuesday for the first 11 months of 2008.
One of the hardest-hit European victims, Optimal Investment Services of Geneva, was unusually concentrated in Madoff's firm. A unit of Santander of Spain, Optimal had $3.1 billion invested with Madoff through its Optimal Strategic U.S. Equity Fund, out of a total of $10.5 billion under management.
Harel, Clal, and Phoenix, Israeli Insurance firms, lost millions of dollars with Madoff.
Investment firms handling retirement funds for hundreds of clients invested heavily and lost heavily. Brighton Co. of Beverly Hills, was sued this week in federal court in Los Angeles. In the suit, Michael Chaleff of Arlington, Va., said he and other investors had lost about $250 million on investment partnerships that Brighton placed with Madoff. The head of Brighton, according to the suit, is Stanley Chais of Beverly Hills, which bring us back to the Chais Family Foundation.
In The Jewish Daily Foward, Anthony Weiss quoted a victim of the scandal as saying, "It's like finding out that your father is a felon."
Madoff’s collapse has gone off like an atomic blast in the midst of that world, leaving behind the wreckage of shattered lives and fortunes, and creating a gaping hole where there were once billions of dollars — and, more importantly, implicit trust.
It is this trust that makes possible the very existence of the relatively intimate world of Jewish philanthropy, where charity and business often mix. The loss of money and trust together has dealt Jewish philanthropy — a pillar of American philanthropy — a blow from which it will not recover anytime soon.
“He has savaged Jewish civil society for a decade,” said one philanthropic recipient, who spoke of receiving “30, 40 calls from longtime donor friends who told me about the money they lost.” The recipient spoke on condition of anonymity to protect his donors and his institution.
The fraud has also wiped out or severely damaged the finances of wealthy Jews who, though less famous, are among the most reliable donors to Jewish causes. At the exclusive Palm Beach Country Club, where Madoff recruited many of his clients, philanthropic giving was a requirement for membership.
“This scandal has wiped out a generation of Jewish wealth,” said Brad Friedman, a lawyer representing a number of the victims of the alleged Madoff scam. “Let’s not kid ourselves, this is the most philanthropic community in America.”
Jewish philanthropic experts estimate that the total losses in Jewish giving — to both Jewish and non-Jewish causes — could run into billions of dollars.
“You’ll see organizations going out of business,” said Mark Charendoff, president of the Jewish Funders Network, which advises wealthy Jewish donors. “Staff will get fired, programs will get slashed. In some cases, you could see organizations merge. We just don’t know yet.”
Remember that many organizations were invested in organizations that invested their money with Madoff. For example, Tufts University which invested $20 million with Ascot Partners which was then invested with Madoff.
How did this all happen?
Mark Seal, a longtime veteran of Jewish organizations, in an interview by the Forward, recalls watching Madoff make his pitch twice to Jewish organizations — once in the early 1990s, and once 10 years later. Each time, Seal said, he was struck by Madoff’s combination of confidence and low-key charm, and by the sense of familiarity he conveyed.
“His pitch was one part technology and one part record and one part that he was a lovely guy and you felt that — it’s funny, in retrospect — you felt a certain amount of integrity,” Seal told the Forward. “That was his presentation, in essence — his reputation and his personality.”
Unlike some prominent Wall Street figures who built their fortunes during the heady 1980s and ’90s, Mr. Madoff never became a household name among American investors. But in the clubby world of Jewish philanthropy in the New York area, his increasing wealth and growing reputation among market insiders added polish to his personal prestige.
He became a generous donor, then a courted board member and, finally, the money manager of choice for many prominent regional charities.
Madoff’s sterling reputation, his affable personality and his apparent financial acumen allowed him to move easily through the clubby Jewish philanthropic circles of New York and Palm Beach, Fla. Madoff served on prominent boards, such as that of Yeshiva University; fellow board members, and even other money managers, sought after him to invest their money.
Dozens of now-outraged Madoff investors recall that special lure — the sense that they were being allowed into an inner circle, one that was not available to just anyone. A lawyer would call a client, saying: “I’m setting up a fund for Bernie Madoff. Do you want in?” Or an accountant at a golf club might tell his partner for the day: “I can make an introduction. Let me know.” Deals were struck in steakhouses and at charity events, sometimes by Mr. Madoff himself, but with increasing frequency by friends acting on his behalf.
He could not have had a more effective recruiter than Jacob Ezra Merkin, a lion of Wall Street who would be president of the Fifth Avenue Synagogue. Mr. Merkin’s father, Hermann, was the founding president of the synagogue and Herman Wouk, the author, wrote its constitution.
As a direct descendant of the founder of modern Orthodox Judaism and a graduate of Columbia’s English department and Harvard’s law school, Mr. Merkin easily held his own in a congregation that included such luminaries as the author Elie Wiesel, the deal maker Ronald O. Perelman and Ira Rennert, a wealthy financier perhaps best known for building one of the biggest houses and compounds in the Hamptons.
One source who sat on boards with Merkin told The New York Jewish Week, "You have to know Ezra to really understand how this could have happened. He is brilliant and incredibly well connected in the Jewish and financial community, with a long and incredible success rate in investments. Plus, he can be at times charming and considerate - as well as intimidating."
According to The Jewish Week, several people noted that when questioned or challenged about the wisdom of investing heavily in one fund rather than diversifying, "Ezra would ask, 'Why would you reduce your concentration in your best performing fund?'"
Philanthropies embraced him. He headed the investment committee for the UJA-Federation of New York for 10 years and was on the boards of Yeshiva University, Carnegie Hall and other nonprofit organizations. He became the chairman of GMAC.
Installed in these lofty positions of trust, Ezra Merkin seemed to be a Wall Street wise man who could be trusted completely to manage other people’s money. One vehicle through which he did that was a fund called Ascot Partners.
Ascot itself attracted $1.8 billion in investments, almost all of which was entrusted to Mr. Madoff. New York Law School put $3 million into Ascot two years ago, and has now initiated a lawsuit in federal court that accuses Mr. Merkin of abdicating his duties to the partnership.
If the wealthy Jewish world he occupied was his launch pad, the wealthy promoters he cultivated at Fairfield Greenwich were his booster rocket.
The Fairfield Sentry fund was one of several so-called feeder funds that became portals through which money from wealthy foreign investors would could capitalize on Mr. Madoff’s investment prowess — collecting those exclusive, steady returns that had made him the toast of Palm Beach and the North Shore so many years ago.
The Sentry fund quickly became Fairfield’s signature product, and it boasted of stellar returns. In marketing materials, Fairfield trumpeted Sentry’s 11 percent annual return over the last 15 years, with only 13 losing months. It was a track record that grew increasingly attractive as markets grew more volatile in recent years.
Though Fairfield Greenwich has its headquarters in New York City and its founder, Mr. Noel, operated from his hometown, Greenwich, Conn., a recent report showed that foreign investors provided 95 percent of its managed assets — with 68 percent in Europe, 6 percent in Asia, and 4 percent in the Middle East.
One of his most visible representatives was Andrés Piedrahita, a Colombian who had married Mr. Noel’s eldest daughter, Corina, and was eventually named a Fairfield founding partner. Based in Madrid and London, Mr. Piedrahita became one of the firm’s most visible representatives in the world of European banking and investment. But his brothers-in-law also had international roots. Yanko Della Schiava, who married Lisina Noel, was the son of the editor of Cosmopolitan in Italy and of the editor of Harper’s Bazaar in Italy and France. Philip J. Toub, who married Alix Noel, is the son of a director of the Saronic Shipping Company, in Lausanne, Switzerland.
Thanks to the efforts of Mr. Piedrahita, Mr. Della Schiava and others, Fairfield reaped many millions of dollars in investor capital from Europe. The firm set up feeder programs with institutions like Banco Santander, Swedish Bank Nordea and Banque Benedict Hentsch. All became conduits that carried fresh money to Mr. Madoff.
There was also the small Austrian merchant bank, Bank Medici, which had $2.1 billion invested in funds that ultimately wound up under Mr. Madoff’s control. It collected those investments through two main funds, the Herald USA Fund and the smaller Herald Luxemburg Fund, sold to banks, insurance companies and pension funds since 2004.
Bank Medici sold the funds to investors around the world from its offices in New York, Vienna, Gibraltar, Zurich and Milan. About 93 percent of the funds’ investors are outside Austria. Just last month, the Herald USA fund won Germany’s annual Hedge Fund Awards for “proving consistency in turbulent times.“
Indeed, often with the assistance of feeder funds, Mr. Madoff was now in a position to seek and procure money from Arab investors, too. The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest of the world’s sovereign wealth funds, with assets estimated earlier this year to be approaching $700 billion, wound up in the same boat as Jewish charities in New York: caught in the collapse of Bernie Madoff.
In early 2005, the investment authority had invested approximately $400 million with Mr. Madoff, by way of the Fairfield Sentry Fund, according to a profile of the firm that it prepared for a prospective buyer in 2007. Fairfield Sentry had more than $7 billion invested with Mr. Madoff and was his largest investor; now, it says, it is his largest victim.
Early on Dec. 10, he shocked his sons by suggesting that the firm pay out several million dollars in bonuses two months ahead of schedule. When pressed by his sons for a reason, he grew agitated and insisted that they all leave the office and continue the conversation at his apartment on East 64th Street.
It was there, at midmorning, that he told his sons that his business was “a big lie” and, “basically, a giant Ponzi scheme.” There was nothing left, he told them — and he fully expected to go to jail.
Sources used:
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/20/business/20madoff.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&hp
http://www.thejewishweek.com/viewArticle/c36_a14398/News/New_York.html
http://www.thejewishweek.com/viewArticle/c36_a14401/News/New_York.html
http://blogs.jta.org/philanthropy/article/2008/12/23/1001787/jfn-foundations-will-provide-bridge-funding-for-nonprofits-hurt-by-madoff
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/24/us/24jews.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/23/nyregion/23yeshiva.html
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1048602.html
http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1229868818845&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1229868819414&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull http://www.forward.com/articles/14740/
http://www.forward.com/articles/14751/
http://www.forward.com/articles/14757/
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1048609.html http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1048609.html
http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3641412,00.html
http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1228728258241&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull
http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1228728265766&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFullhttp://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1228728253625&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/19/business/19ponzi.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/19/opinion/19krugman.html
http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/M/MADOFF_SCANDAL?SITE=OHCIN&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1047955.html http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122956182184616625.html http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=98435441
http://www.thejewishweek.com/viewArticle/c36_a14328/News/New_York.html
http://www.thejewishweek.com/viewArticle/c36_a14327/News/New_York.html
http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1228728224472&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull http://jta.org/news/article/2008/12/16/1001596/american-jewish-congress-takes-significant-loss-but-will-not-close
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1047483.html http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1047173.html
Friday, December 26, 2008
Sunday, November 2, 2008
Project Eliah Packing in Minnetonka, MN
Shalom All,
We just had a fantastic Kosher Manna packing at Bet Shalom Congregation in Minnetonka, Minnesota. We packaged over 19,000 meals in about two hours and numerous volunteers helped out from pre-school age on up.
Project Elijah continues to thrive and over the next year will be conducting packings around the nation and shipping tens of thousands of meals around the nation and the world. Our new product is designed to meet the dietary needs not only of Jews, but also of Muslims and Vegans. It is the only product designed specifically to meet such dietary restrictions in addition to nutritional requirements and it is the only such product designed for a domestic American audience, not only of starving people, but of food insecure people.
For those who do not know, food insecure people are those who can afford food, but need to choose food over other primary necessities in their lives such as rent or medical expenses. Many food insecure people will opt to use their money to buy food rather than to accept food commonly distributed because the latter is not of good enough quality or because it does not meet their religious or ethically based dietary needs. Our new product with its chicken soup flavoring tastes very good and looks like it tastes. Hopefully, it will enable food insecure people to choose to meet their medical needs and provide them a higher quality of life.
Thanks to all those who continue to make Project Eliah and Elijah's Kosher Manna grow in its ability to help those in need. My wife Julie and I look forward to helping other congregations and organizations help more people around our nation and our world. For more information on Project Elijah or the Kosher Manna packing project, please contact my wife Julie, Executive Director of Project Elijah, at jkaufman@projectelijahfoundation.org or visit their website http://www.projectelijahfoundation.org/ .
-David
We just had a fantastic Kosher Manna packing at Bet Shalom Congregation in Minnetonka, Minnesota. We packaged over 19,000 meals in about two hours and numerous volunteers helped out from pre-school age on up.
Project Elijah continues to thrive and over the next year will be conducting packings around the nation and shipping tens of thousands of meals around the nation and the world. Our new product is designed to meet the dietary needs not only of Jews, but also of Muslims and Vegans. It is the only product designed specifically to meet such dietary restrictions in addition to nutritional requirements and it is the only such product designed for a domestic American audience, not only of starving people, but of food insecure people.
For those who do not know, food insecure people are those who can afford food, but need to choose food over other primary necessities in their lives such as rent or medical expenses. Many food insecure people will opt to use their money to buy food rather than to accept food commonly distributed because the latter is not of good enough quality or because it does not meet their religious or ethically based dietary needs. Our new product with its chicken soup flavoring tastes very good and looks like it tastes. Hopefully, it will enable food insecure people to choose to meet their medical needs and provide them a higher quality of life.
Thanks to all those who continue to make Project Eliah and Elijah's Kosher Manna grow in its ability to help those in need. My wife Julie and I look forward to helping other congregations and organizations help more people around our nation and our world. For more information on Project Elijah or the Kosher Manna packing project, please contact my wife Julie, Executive Director of Project Elijah, at jkaufman@projectelijahfoundation.org or visit their website http://www.projectelijahfoundation.org/ .
-David
Saturday, November 1, 2008
Shandeh fur de Goyim
Shandeh fur de Goyim
It has been an embarrassing few months in Iowa. The ridiculously unethical and outrageously illegal behavior and practices of which Agriprocessors in Postville has been accused and now charged have frankly shamed the Jews. If we have to discuss whether or not meat is kosher which is slaughtered in a plant that knew its workers could not legally work, aided them in violating the law, and potentially also knew that some at the plant were abusive to them, what does kosher mean? For that matter, what does being Jewish mean? Tikkun Olam, the repair of the world, is not about reinforcing the lining of pockets at the expense of principles. We, Jews, feel guilty for the sins of the few among us. There is such a thing as a "Shandeh fur de Goyim," "Embarrassment for us in the eyes of the Gentiles." The actions of Shalom Rubashkin and others in Agriprocessors' employ are such a shandeh.
This led me to wonder, "Why is it that only Jews feel embarrassed when those who claim to be pious co-religionists astound in their hypocrisy? Why is there no such thing as an embarrassment for Christians or Muslims?" It seems to be understood by Christians and Muslims that their radical nut cases are NOT REPRESENTATIVE of them, why do we feel that ours are? Perhaps, it is an ingrained fear that we are held accountable collectively and have been historically, particularly by Christians and Muslims?
In my mind, the reality is that Christians and Muslims should be embarrassed by their brethren who sin while supposedly acting in a "religious" manner, just as we are embarrassed by those in Postville. That embarrassment, that guilt that we feel over actions of others in which we played no part, helps drive us to make the world better. That guilt makes us care about more than just ourselves. Perhaps, it is that which is the light we must shine unto the nations. It is the very concept of the shandeh. It drives us to do better.
Just a thought,
-David
It has been an embarrassing few months in Iowa. The ridiculously unethical and outrageously illegal behavior and practices of which Agriprocessors in Postville has been accused and now charged have frankly shamed the Jews. If we have to discuss whether or not meat is kosher which is slaughtered in a plant that knew its workers could not legally work, aided them in violating the law, and potentially also knew that some at the plant were abusive to them, what does kosher mean? For that matter, what does being Jewish mean? Tikkun Olam, the repair of the world, is not about reinforcing the lining of pockets at the expense of principles. We, Jews, feel guilty for the sins of the few among us. There is such a thing as a "Shandeh fur de Goyim," "Embarrassment for us in the eyes of the Gentiles." The actions of Shalom Rubashkin and others in Agriprocessors' employ are such a shandeh.
This led me to wonder, "Why is it that only Jews feel embarrassed when those who claim to be pious co-religionists astound in their hypocrisy? Why is there no such thing as an embarrassment for Christians or Muslims?" It seems to be understood by Christians and Muslims that their radical nut cases are NOT REPRESENTATIVE of them, why do we feel that ours are? Perhaps, it is an ingrained fear that we are held accountable collectively and have been historically, particularly by Christians and Muslims?
In my mind, the reality is that Christians and Muslims should be embarrassed by their brethren who sin while supposedly acting in a "religious" manner, just as we are embarrassed by those in Postville. That embarrassment, that guilt that we feel over actions of others in which we played no part, helps drive us to make the world better. That guilt makes us care about more than just ourselves. Perhaps, it is that which is the light we must shine unto the nations. It is the very concept of the shandeh. It drives us to do better.
Just a thought,
-David
Wednesday, October 15, 2008
Kashrut Tsedek
Kashrut Tsedek
On Yom Kippur, we pray to be judged with mercy and compassion, with righteousness and kindness and not simply blind justice. We come before God, having undertaken Heshbon Nefesh, an accounting of our souls and we hope that the scale tips in our favor. This year, I was reminded of one of my favorite jokes.
How much is two plus two?
A businessman was trying to choose an accountant, but was being very careful about it. He scheduled appointments to interview three of them.
At the first acountant's office, after an initial exchange of pleasantries, the businessman said, "Okay, let's get down to business. I have an important question for you, and I want you to think carefully before answering. How much is two plus two?"
The CPA raised his eyebrows and laughed, "two plus two is four." The businessman thanked him for his time, and proceeded to his next appointment.
The second accountant seemed a bit more particular than the first. After an initial discussion, the businessman again announced that he had a very important question, and asked, "How much is two plus two?"
The second accountant trying to demonstrate a concern even for such a simplistic question, went over to a computer, and entered figures into a spreadsheet. "According to my calculations, two plus two is approximately four." The businessman thanked him for his time, and proceeded to his next appointment.
The third accountant sat behind a big mahogany desk, and smoked a cigar. He seemed rather self-important as compared to the other two, but at the same time appeared to be much more successful. The businessman again announced, "I would like you to answer a very important question for me, before I decide whether I should use your services. How much is two plus two?"
The accountant pulled the shades, locked the door to his office, and asked in a hushed voice, "How much do you want it to be?"
There are times when we know that we are guilty, that we have sinned. We know that two plus two equals four, but we would rather it not, or at least, we would rather that the one before whom we present ourselves in judgment will decide to be gracious to us and not to judge us with stark and blind justice.
Our Tradition tells us that for our own judges, justice should always be attenuated by righteousness. One of my favorite passages in the Torah speaks to this. It comes from Deuteronomy, chapter 16:
You shall appoint for yourself judges and officers in all your towns which Adonai your God is giving you, according to your tribes, and they shall judge the people with righteous judgment. You shall not distort justice; you shall not be partial, and you shall not take a bribe, for a bribe blinds the eyes of the wise and perverts the words of the righteous. Righteousness, righteousness, shall you shall pursue, that you may live and possess the land which Adonai your God is giving you.
One can fulfill the law, Mishpat, but FAIL to meet the requirements of the Torah which tells us to seek Mishpat Tsedek and NOT just mishpat. The Torah tells us, "Righteousness, Righteousness, you shall pursue!" The latter is unfortunately almost universally MISTRANSLATED as "Justice, Justice...." when instead the very purpose of the verse is to stress that it is Righteousness and NOT justice, plain and simple, that we should be pursuing.
If we fail to be just in our actions, we have sinned. We are obligated to be JUST at a minimum. We are encouraged to be RIGHTEOUS, to go beyond mere justice. If we fail to do righteousness, but keep justice, it is not that we have sinned, but we have not met the ideal. We will have accomplished the minimum, justice, but not what is to be desired, righteousness.
In his commentary on Parasha Behukotai, Leviticus chapters 26 and 27, Rabbi Yehuda Appel wrote:
In the parsha, God addresses the Jewish people collectively, informing them of the severity of judgments - ranging from illness to exile - that they will face if they do not follow His path. The harshness of these afflictions can be seen as a direct correlation to the importance of the Jewish people's mission. As the nation who has been entrusted with God's instructions for creating a perfect society, the Jewish people are held to a higher standard.
Our Tradition mandates that we “Remember the stranger, for you were a stranger in the land of Egypt.” We are told to “love your neighbor as yourself.” Hillel taught us, “Do not do unto others as you would not have them do unto you. All the rest is commentary. Go and learn.” Maimonides Ladder of Tsedakah places giving someone the opportunity and ability to support him or herself on the highest rung. To embrace and help the needy is not only encouraged in our Tradition, but literally commanded of us. With this all in mind, how are we supposed to react to what has occurred in Postville?
In the past few months, there has been no little discussion about the meat packing plant in Postville, Iowa owned and operated by Agriprocessors, the largest provider of Kosher meat in the world by a good margin. The Agriprocessors plant there was raided, hundreds of people were arrested and deported for immigration violations, plant owners and managers were accused of, and some have now been charged, with illegalities including knowingly hiring underage laborers, mistreatment of workers, immigration violations and providing unsafe working conditions among numerous other violations. Then there are concerns of how this event has impacted the Jewish community, both as perceived by others and as we interact with each other. The actions of which Agriprocessors has been accused not only violate the sovereign law of the land, but they violate so many principles of Jewish law that I do not have the time to list them all. They violate a basic level of human ethics, violate the trust of those who would have purchased from the company, and cannot reflect worse on the Jewish Tradition and the Jewish people.
Our local newspaper in Des Moines went out of its way to reinforce the Jewish religious nature of the owners of Agriprocessors and even used decade old stock photos of Orthodox Jews at prayer in Postville to illustrate that point. In looking at reactions to the events in Postville, I checked several anti-Jewish hate sites. As you might imagine, there was no small amount of glee. The Vanguard News Network, the website for the American Nazi Party, went so far as to say its efforts in working undercover at Agriprocessors and reporting to ICE, Immigration Customs Enforcement, helped lead to ICE raiding the company and that they would continue to work hard to rid the community of the “criminal Jews.”
On these websites, the owners of Agriprocessors were not simply business owners that were caught breaking the rules, but they were portrayed as Jews flaunting the rules and exploiting their local community in order to make a buck by using and abusing needy immigrants.
The reports concerning events occurring at Agriprocessors in Postville and at other plants owned by the company concerning treatment of animals and workers over the past few years have resulted in initiatives to create a new certification for Kosher food products. The Conservative movement, led by Rabbi Morris Allen, calls its initiative Hecksher Tzedek, or “Certification of Righteousness.”
There are those who would like to call Hecksher Tzedek a new standard for Kashrut, a new standard for determining which food should be considered Kosher. For this reason, some Orthodox rabbinical authorities have condemned the effort. Yet, Hecksher Tzedek is really more like a “Fair Trade” label. It is an additional certification, not a substitute certification.
Rabbis who argue for this additional certification say that it may well be that the meat from a company that is mistreating its workers is TECHNICALLY Kosher to eat based upon guidelines for Kosher slaughter, BUT those guidelines are not the only guidelines that should be followed. These rabbis would like it to be Kosher AND acquired in a Righteous manner.
Kosher meat is meat acquired in accordance with the laws of the Jewish Tradition concerning the acquisition of meat. To declare meat Kosher means to determine that it was acquired in accordance with those laws. Kosher meat meets, pardon the pun, the Mishpat standard, the legal minimum if you will. The Hecksher Tsedek initiative is in essence the application of Tsedek to Mishpat, exactly what is mandated in the Torah.
Those who advocate for the new certification argue, in my way of looking at it, that just as we should pursue Mishpat Tsedek, Righteous Justice, and not just Mishpat, justice alone, so too we should pursue Kashrut Tsedek, a Righteous Kashrut, and not just Kashrut, under the very same premise "Tsedek Tsedek Tirdof,” “Righteousness, righteousness, you shall pursue.” In simple terms, "It may well be Kosher, but it is not Tsedek. We want Tsedek."
The criticism of Agriprocessors is that they do not appear to be righteous in going about their business whether or not their facility produced Kosher meat.
The Central Conference of American Rabbis, the Reform rabbinate, recently passed a resolution submitted by my colleague Rabbi Henry Karp of Davenport, Iowa which I would like to share a part with you. The resolution states that:
Those who produce kosher meat are engaged in sacred work and therefore are expected to adhere to the highest standards and values of Jewish tradition. Those who keep Kosher, including the growing number of Reform Jews who are embracing the observance of kashrut, should not be forced to choose between their ritual observance and their ethical values… Jewish law and values impose ethical guidelines governing labor, business practices and the treatment of animals. The Torah repeatedly calls upon us to deal justly with the laborer and the stranger in our midst.
The Rabbinical Assembly of Conservative Judaism and the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism have established a Hekhsher Tzedek Commission, the purpose of which is to create an additional certification for Kosher products taking into account ethical considerations in addition to ritual laws. Such considerations will include how kosher meat processing companies conduct their businesses, particularly with regard to treatment of workers, health and safety, animal welfare and environmental impact.
THEREFORE, be it resolved that the Central Conference of American Rabbis:
1. Adjures all those who are engaged in the sacred work of producing kosher meat to conduct their business according to the highest Jewish ethical standards as well as ritual standards;
2. Applauds the Rabbinical Assembly and the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism for their efforts to enfold this ethical dimension into their understanding of what constitutes the appropriate preparation of food through their Hekhsher Tzedek initiative;
3. Will explore means by which it can work cooperatively with the Rabbinical Assembly and the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism in efforts to establish and promote a certification established by the Hekhsher Tzedek Commission, which is consistent with our understanding of Jewish values and justice; and
4. Encourages Reform Jews and others, whether or not they have elected to observe kashrut, to consider the guidelines to be established by the Hekhsher Tzedek Commission and to uphold ethical guidelines in their dietary practices, as in all areas of life.
-From the Proposed CCAR Resolution on
KASHRUT & HEKHSHER TZEDEK,
CCAR Board of Trustees – August 28, 2008.
Orthodox opponents of the initiative argue several points. First, the Torah tells us in Deuteronomy, chapter 4, that “You shall not add to the matter that I am commanding you, nor shall you take away from it.” Hence, in theory, we should not create new rules. Well, my friends, this has hardly been applied by the rabbis for the past two thousand years, during which through interpretation of basic commandments in the Torah and prophets, as well as creating rules out of whole cloth, rabbis have added volumes of additional rules and requirements, usually under the directive of making a fence around the Torah, which means creating a boundary that you SHOULD not cross so that you do not endanger yourself by potentially crossing the boundary that you MUST not cross. One could argue that most of those rules ADDED to the commandments in the Torah and therefore violate the directive of Deuteronomy. One could also argue, however, that we, as Reform Jews, prioritize what we perceive as right and just in our world today over what was perceived as right and just in ancient times by others. Further one could also argue that this particular initiative actually prioritizes the Torah’s ethical mandates over rabbinic law’s ritual guidelines.
The second problem for those who question Hecksher Tzedek, especially as promoted by the Reform Movement, is that there is a disconnect in the minds of many when they hear the terms “Reform Jews” and “Keeping Kosher” mentioned together. Many Orthodox Jews feel that Reform Jews have no business speaking up about Kashrut, that those laws are solely the purview of the Orthodox community. They feel this way because the vast majority of Reform Jews do not keep Kosher and those that keep Kosher style, often do not ONLY purchase meat certified as Kosher.
Here are non-Kosher Jews telling the Kosher Jews what keeping Kosher should be about!
The reality is that they do not understand Reform Judaism. Increasing numbers of Reform Jews are keeping Kosher and many Reform Jewish institutions keep Kosher facilities, as supervised by Reform rabbis, and purchase only Kosher meat for use in their facilities. Certainly, the Orthodox do not understand Conservative Judaism which has stressed the observance of dietary laws for its entire history, though reports are that most Conservative Jews themselves do not keep strictly Kosher. The point is that keeping Kosher, while not necessarily a standard practice is neither alien nor contradictory to Reform Judaism today.
Moreover, there is no understanding that the Reform movement has long been concerned with the plight of workers and aiding immigrants to this country, Jewish or not. We are concerned with the means in which the products that we consume are obtained. Many of us purchase fair trade items, which though more expensive, offer us the ability to uphold our ethical standards. We may buy organic produce in a desire to protect our environment from harmful chemicals. While those keeping Kosher may be a small but growing minority within the Reform Jewish community, the ethical goals of Hecksher Tzedek have been primary in our movement for nearly its entire history and dominant themes for much of the past century.
In the 1937 Columbus Platform of Reform Judaism, social justice more or less as we know it today became a major tenet:
Social justice. Judaism seeks the attainment of a just society by the application of its teachings to the economic order, to industry and commerce, and to national and international affairs. It aims at the elimination of man-made misery and suffering, of poverty and degradation, of tyranny and slavery, of social inequality and prejudice, of ill-will and strife. It advocates the promotion of harmonious relations between warring classes on the basis of equity and justice, and the creation of conditions under which human personality may flourish. It pleads for the safeguarding of childhood against exploitation. It champions the cause of all who work and of their right to an adequate standard of living, as prior to the rights of property. Judaism emphasizes the duty of charity, and strives for a social order which will protect men against the material disabilities of old age, sickness and unemployment.
In his book, Prayers of the Jewish Advance, written in 1924 and whose title is a subtle statement of his belief that Reform Jews have advanced beyond their Traditional brethren, Rabbi Abraham Cronbach, in interpreting the meaning of the Eighth Commandment, “Thou shalt not steal,” wrote:
Oppression of the laborer and exploitation of the poor are forms of stealing. Over charging in business and under-paying those who work for us are forms of stealing.
In his commentary on the first commandment, which he believed centered on the theme of liberation, God having brought us out of slavery, Cronbach wrote:
There is such a thing as economic slavery, the slavery of overworked and underpaid toilers in mines, mills, factories and sweat-shops. This slavery cries up to God as much as ever did any servitude under which Israel of old may have languished.
In 1911, speaking about the tragic Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise stated:
The lesson of the hour is that while property is good, life is better, that while possessions are valuable, life is priceless. The meaning of the hour is that the life of the lowliest worker in the nation is sacred and inviolable....
Going back four years earlier, on April 26, 1907, Rabbi Eugene Mannheimer, preached a sermon to my congregation in Des Moines on “Our Duty to the Immigrant,” in which he quoted from Deuteronomy, chapter 10:
He doth execute justice for the fatherless and the widow and loveth the stranger, in giving him food and raiment. Love ye, therefore, the stranger, for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.
Coincidentally, perhaps, I spoke about the importance of welcoming the stranger into our midst on Rosh Hashanah last year. I pointed out that Tradition tells us that it was Abraham’s actions in welcoming the strangers, who turned out to be angels, into his home that brought about the blessing of Isaac’s birth. Thus, had Abraham not welcomed the three visitors, the Akeidah story, nor the blessings that followed from it including the eventual birth of Jacob, ancestor of all of the Children of Israel: none of that would have happened. The very existence of our people is rooted in welcoming the stranger into our midst.
Certainly, much work is needed in reforming our nation’s immigration laws as well as the ways in which our current laws are or are not enforced. We cannot pretend that the rule of law does not exist, that laws have not been broken, but neither can we ignore when laws are not righteous. Striving to make our society better, striving to perform Tikkun Olam, requires that we pursue Mishpat Tsedek, righteous justice, making our laws and their enforcement better. This is not only true of our state and federal laws, but of our Jewish laws and guidelines.
May we strive to seek a higher standard and let us not find the minimum acceptable in our sight. May we rise above indifference and let us hearken to the call of the powerless. Righteousness, righteousness, let us pursue!
Kein yehi ratzon. May it be God’s will.
Friday, June 6, 2008
Sermon on Postville
Sermon on Postville
Postville
May 23, 2008
Rabbi David Jay Kaufman
In his commentary on this week’s Parasha, Behukotai, Rabbi Yehuda Appel wrote:
In the parsha, God addresses the Jewish people collectively, informing them of the severity of judgements - ranging from illness to exile - that they will face if they do not follow His path. The harshness of these afflictions can be seen as a direct correlation to the importance of the Jewish people's mission. As the nation who has been entrusted with God's instructions for creating a perfect society, the Jewish people are held to a higher standard.
Rabbi Shraga Simmons wrote:
The idea that "choices are meaningful" is so basic to Judaism that it is expressed in the very first verse of the Bible: "In the beginning, God created heaven and earth."
In my mind, in the Jewish Tradition, we are told to “Remember the stranger, for you were a stranger in the land of Egypt.” We are told to “love your neighbor as yourself.” Hillel taught us, “Do not do unto others as you would not have them do unto you. All the rest is commentary. Go and learn.” Maimonides Ladder of Tsedakah places giving someone the opportunity and ability to support him or herself on the highest rung. To embrace and help the needy is not only encouraged in our Tradition, but literally commanded of us. With this all in mind, how are we supposed to react to what occurred in Postville?
It is difficult to figure out where to begin responding or even from which perspective to begin. There are the immigration issues, the worker abuse allegations, questionable Kashrut practices, environmental violations, fines and criminal charges that have piled up over the past few years alone. Then there are concerns of how this event affects the Jewish community both as perceived by others and as we interact with each other. Finally, there are broader Jewish religious issues and issues of social action to address.
Not long ago, in December of 2004, a video produced by PETA during an undercover investigation at the Agriprocessors plant was released which showed animals suffering horribly as they were being slaughtered. These same practices were in principle defended as Halakhic, meaning according to the Jewish legal code, though numerous rabbinical authorities have strongly questioned that argument and challenged the Orthodox Union’s assessment.
The inhumane slaughter practices at Agriprocessors are so out of accord with proper Kosher slaughter that the Orthodox Union’s own leadership in Israel has questioned whether or not it should be allowed to be imported. Even the Orthodox Union has begun to agree with the liberal branches of Judaism that for meat to be considered “Kosher” it must be morally and ethically slaughtered.
Reports about the practices in Postville in the past few years are why many Reform and Conservative Jews are working to establish Hekhsher Tzedek, a righteous Kashrut certification, and not simply a minimally acceptable slaughter technique which in my mind, our minds, is not even minimally acceptable, but unacceptable.
On Tuesday (last week), members of the Conservative movement's Hekhsher Tzedek Commission condemned the company, saying that keeping kosher requires more than just adherence to ritual matters, but also sensitivity to the environment and respect for workers and animals. The Hekhsher Tzedek initiative is in part a response to past allegations of misconduct at Agriprocessors.
"The actions of this company have brought shame upon the entire Jewish community," the commission said."Yesterday’s discovery, along with the other violations of the ethical standards set forth by our Torah and our tradition underscore the need for Hekhsher Tzedek. To be sure, halacha has never limited its concern to the ritual elements of kashrut alone."
Yet as troubling as issues related to the nature of the Kashrut at the Agriprocessors plant are, they are far from the most problematic in my mind.
The massive violations of immigration laws and accusations of worker abuse, paying below minimum wages, and employing underage workers are simply not acceptable in any form. They not only violate the sovereign law of the land, but they violate so many principles of Jewish law that I do not have the time to list them all, violate a basic level of human ethics, violate the trust of those who would have purchased from the company, and cannot reflect worse on the Jewish Tradition and the Jewish people.
This is particularly true because our local newspaper went out of its way to reinforce the Jewish religious nature of the owners of Agriprocessors and even used decade old stock photos of Orthodox Jews at prayer in Postville to illustrate that point. In looking at reactions to the events in Postville, I checked several anti-Jewish hate sites. As you might imagine, there was no small amount of glee. The Vanguard News Network, the website for the American Nazi Party, went so far as to say its efforts in working undercover at Agriprocessors and reporting to ICE, Immigration Customs Enforcement, helped lead to ICE raiding the company and that they would continue to work hard to rid the community of the criminal Jews.
On these websites, the owners of Agriprocessors were not simply business owners that were caught breaking the rules, but they were portrayed as Jews flaunting the rules and exploiting their local community in order to make a buck off of needy immigrants.
Then this week, AFTER the arrests of hundreds of workers at the plant, Federal authorities charged that a methamphetamine laboratory was operating at the site and that employees carried weapons to work!
In the 60-page application for a search warrant, federal agents revealed details of their six-month probe of Agriprocessors. The investigation involved 12 federal agencies, including the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the departments of labor and agriculture. According to the application, a former plant supervisor told investigators that some 80 percent of the workforce was illegal, evidently including at least some rabbis responsible for kosher supervision, who, a source included in the document suggested, entered the United States from Canada without proper immigration documents. The source also claimed to have confronted a human resources manager with Social Security cards from three employees that had the same number. The manager laughed when the matter was raised.
There seems to have been a callous disregard for the law, both Jewish law and Civil Law, at Agriprocessors. One cannot justify any of the criminal behavior that took place in Postville, nor the impact that behavior had upon the employees in the plant, their families, and the community. Our thoughts are with all of those who have been adversely impacted.
While it is clear that the centerpiece of this investigation was illegality and immorality on the part of Agriprocessors, the story is also a reflection of our nation’s failed immigration laws and practices which regularly result in trauma for illegal workers and their families as well as in reduced wages and benefits for legal workers. It is time for immigration reform.
There is another lesson in the Torah portion from this week that is relevant. Rabbi Mordechai Kamenetzky, talking about the curses mentioned should the people not follow the right path taught about the verse "And you shall run the flight of one who flees from a sword, yet no one is pursuing you" (Leviticus 26:36). He wrote:
Simply explained, the Torah is telling us of the inherent fear that we shall have from the suffering that we have endured. We shall run at the slightest thought, even when there is no one in pursuit.Perhaps this week, the Torah alludes to another form of curse. "When there is pain and suffering, when there is persecution and oppression, yet the world ignores the cries of those suffering - as if " no one is pursuing," -- that is a terrible curse, too. Perhaps that curse is as unfortunate as when the aggressors are clearly recognized for whom they are. Often our greatest enemies are not recognized as such. We are told that they are our partners and our fears are nothing but paranoia. Even our past experiences are being discredited by deniers, scoffers and skeptics.
We cannot control the ears and eyes of our detractors, but we can do our utmost to tell the story and make sure that they live on. And we can do our best to hear, too, the pain and suffering of those who cry to us, to make sure we understand the pursuers behind the pain.What does all of this mean for the Jews? Well, those who hate the Jews will still hate the Jews tomorrow. They have a bit more fodder to work on recruiting the next generation. The Vanguard News Network will move on to bashing Obama again.
For the most part, the broader community will treat Postville the way that it should, namely as yet another meat processing plant that employed a large number of illegal immigrants and which was raided. Granted there are some additional criminal complaints in addition to those. There will be questions about the future of Postville, a town which was struggling before the Rubashkins came to town and which now faces the loss of no small percentage of its population and wealth. Yet, the greatest problem remaining to be faced may actually be one within the Jewish community.
We have a very real dilemma. There is one Kosher deli in the metro area, Maccabee Deli. It’s owner is a member of Chabad, a friend of the owners of Agriprocessors, who sends several of his children to school in Postville and who purchases his meat from the plant there. This is not surprising since Agriprocessors provides most of the Glatt Kosher meat in this country. Many Kosher Delis are in the same boat.
The Maccabee Deli is a community institution. In many ways, it is the heart of Orthodox community. Do we boycott it? What happens to those who need Kosher food in Des Moines if we do? The meat that has come from that plant has been approved as Kosher by the Orthodox Union. Will we insist on Hekhsher Tzedek, telling the Orthodox Union, the dominant group dealing with Kosher food in this country, that we Reform and Conservative Jews, most of whom don’t even follow the Halakhah much if at all, know what should be Kosher and what should not be so and that they are wrong?
Many among us, Reform and Conservative Jews, do not even keep Kosher, yet perhaps that is only in the traditional sense. Some of us buy Fair-Trade products when we can, eat organic foods if we can, and avoid purchasing products made by companies and in places wherein workers are exploited. Many drive hybrid vehicles and many more would likely do so if we could afford one. We change out our regular light bulbs for energy efficient ones and we push for divestment from places like Darfur.
The social activist in me asks, “How can we not boycott anything having to do with Agriprocessors?”
The rebel, the prophetic part of me, asks, “How can we not condemn these actions?” and suggests further that, “Of course, we can tell the Orthodox establishment that we disagree, after all, isn’t that how Reform Judaism came to be in the first place?”
The advocate for Klal Yisrael, concerned with the implications for our Jewish community asks, “How can we take action that will harm, possibly irrevocably, an institution vital to the life of a good part of the Jewish community in which we live?”
The answers to these questions will be different for each of us. You will make your own decisions. As for me, I have decided not to knowingly consume products that come from Agriprocessors and that I will join with those pursuing Hekhsher Tzedek, a righteous Kashrut. Yet I will not act beyond those decisions in such a way that will harm our Jewish community though my own advocacy. We all, as Jewish adults, must take the responsibility for our actions and inaction.
Let us, strive for a higher standard, whether or not we feel that we should be held to one. Let us continue to “Remember the stranger, for you (WE – all of us) were a stranger in the land of Egypt.” This Shabbat may we, laboring to repair our broken world, in the words of Rabbi Kamenetzky, “Do our best to hear the pain and suffering of those who cry to us.”
Shabbat Shalom.
Postville
May 23, 2008
Rabbi David Jay Kaufman
In his commentary on this week’s Parasha, Behukotai, Rabbi Yehuda Appel wrote:
In the parsha, God addresses the Jewish people collectively, informing them of the severity of judgements - ranging from illness to exile - that they will face if they do not follow His path. The harshness of these afflictions can be seen as a direct correlation to the importance of the Jewish people's mission. As the nation who has been entrusted with God's instructions for creating a perfect society, the Jewish people are held to a higher standard.
Rabbi Shraga Simmons wrote:
The idea that "choices are meaningful" is so basic to Judaism that it is expressed in the very first verse of the Bible: "In the beginning, God created heaven and earth."
In my mind, in the Jewish Tradition, we are told to “Remember the stranger, for you were a stranger in the land of Egypt.” We are told to “love your neighbor as yourself.” Hillel taught us, “Do not do unto others as you would not have them do unto you. All the rest is commentary. Go and learn.” Maimonides Ladder of Tsedakah places giving someone the opportunity and ability to support him or herself on the highest rung. To embrace and help the needy is not only encouraged in our Tradition, but literally commanded of us. With this all in mind, how are we supposed to react to what occurred in Postville?
It is difficult to figure out where to begin responding or even from which perspective to begin. There are the immigration issues, the worker abuse allegations, questionable Kashrut practices, environmental violations, fines and criminal charges that have piled up over the past few years alone. Then there are concerns of how this event affects the Jewish community both as perceived by others and as we interact with each other. Finally, there are broader Jewish religious issues and issues of social action to address.
Not long ago, in December of 2004, a video produced by PETA during an undercover investigation at the Agriprocessors plant was released which showed animals suffering horribly as they were being slaughtered. These same practices were in principle defended as Halakhic, meaning according to the Jewish legal code, though numerous rabbinical authorities have strongly questioned that argument and challenged the Orthodox Union’s assessment.
The inhumane slaughter practices at Agriprocessors are so out of accord with proper Kosher slaughter that the Orthodox Union’s own leadership in Israel has questioned whether or not it should be allowed to be imported. Even the Orthodox Union has begun to agree with the liberal branches of Judaism that for meat to be considered “Kosher” it must be morally and ethically slaughtered.
Reports about the practices in Postville in the past few years are why many Reform and Conservative Jews are working to establish Hekhsher Tzedek, a righteous Kashrut certification, and not simply a minimally acceptable slaughter technique which in my mind, our minds, is not even minimally acceptable, but unacceptable.
On Tuesday (last week), members of the Conservative movement's Hekhsher Tzedek Commission condemned the company, saying that keeping kosher requires more than just adherence to ritual matters, but also sensitivity to the environment and respect for workers and animals. The Hekhsher Tzedek initiative is in part a response to past allegations of misconduct at Agriprocessors.
"The actions of this company have brought shame upon the entire Jewish community," the commission said."Yesterday’s discovery, along with the other violations of the ethical standards set forth by our Torah and our tradition underscore the need for Hekhsher Tzedek. To be sure, halacha has never limited its concern to the ritual elements of kashrut alone."
Yet as troubling as issues related to the nature of the Kashrut at the Agriprocessors plant are, they are far from the most problematic in my mind.
The massive violations of immigration laws and accusations of worker abuse, paying below minimum wages, and employing underage workers are simply not acceptable in any form. They not only violate the sovereign law of the land, but they violate so many principles of Jewish law that I do not have the time to list them all, violate a basic level of human ethics, violate the trust of those who would have purchased from the company, and cannot reflect worse on the Jewish Tradition and the Jewish people.
This is particularly true because our local newspaper went out of its way to reinforce the Jewish religious nature of the owners of Agriprocessors and even used decade old stock photos of Orthodox Jews at prayer in Postville to illustrate that point. In looking at reactions to the events in Postville, I checked several anti-Jewish hate sites. As you might imagine, there was no small amount of glee. The Vanguard News Network, the website for the American Nazi Party, went so far as to say its efforts in working undercover at Agriprocessors and reporting to ICE, Immigration Customs Enforcement, helped lead to ICE raiding the company and that they would continue to work hard to rid the community of the criminal Jews.
On these websites, the owners of Agriprocessors were not simply business owners that were caught breaking the rules, but they were portrayed as Jews flaunting the rules and exploiting their local community in order to make a buck off of needy immigrants.
Then this week, AFTER the arrests of hundreds of workers at the plant, Federal authorities charged that a methamphetamine laboratory was operating at the site and that employees carried weapons to work!
In the 60-page application for a search warrant, federal agents revealed details of their six-month probe of Agriprocessors. The investigation involved 12 federal agencies, including the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the departments of labor and agriculture. According to the application, a former plant supervisor told investigators that some 80 percent of the workforce was illegal, evidently including at least some rabbis responsible for kosher supervision, who, a source included in the document suggested, entered the United States from Canada without proper immigration documents. The source also claimed to have confronted a human resources manager with Social Security cards from three employees that had the same number. The manager laughed when the matter was raised.
There seems to have been a callous disregard for the law, both Jewish law and Civil Law, at Agriprocessors. One cannot justify any of the criminal behavior that took place in Postville, nor the impact that behavior had upon the employees in the plant, their families, and the community. Our thoughts are with all of those who have been adversely impacted.
While it is clear that the centerpiece of this investigation was illegality and immorality on the part of Agriprocessors, the story is also a reflection of our nation’s failed immigration laws and practices which regularly result in trauma for illegal workers and their families as well as in reduced wages and benefits for legal workers. It is time for immigration reform.
There is another lesson in the Torah portion from this week that is relevant. Rabbi Mordechai Kamenetzky, talking about the curses mentioned should the people not follow the right path taught about the verse "And you shall run the flight of one who flees from a sword, yet no one is pursuing you" (Leviticus 26:36). He wrote:
Simply explained, the Torah is telling us of the inherent fear that we shall have from the suffering that we have endured. We shall run at the slightest thought, even when there is no one in pursuit.Perhaps this week, the Torah alludes to another form of curse. "When there is pain and suffering, when there is persecution and oppression, yet the world ignores the cries of those suffering - as if " no one is pursuing," -- that is a terrible curse, too. Perhaps that curse is as unfortunate as when the aggressors are clearly recognized for whom they are. Often our greatest enemies are not recognized as such. We are told that they are our partners and our fears are nothing but paranoia. Even our past experiences are being discredited by deniers, scoffers and skeptics.
We cannot control the ears and eyes of our detractors, but we can do our utmost to tell the story and make sure that they live on. And we can do our best to hear, too, the pain and suffering of those who cry to us, to make sure we understand the pursuers behind the pain.What does all of this mean for the Jews? Well, those who hate the Jews will still hate the Jews tomorrow. They have a bit more fodder to work on recruiting the next generation. The Vanguard News Network will move on to bashing Obama again.
For the most part, the broader community will treat Postville the way that it should, namely as yet another meat processing plant that employed a large number of illegal immigrants and which was raided. Granted there are some additional criminal complaints in addition to those. There will be questions about the future of Postville, a town which was struggling before the Rubashkins came to town and which now faces the loss of no small percentage of its population and wealth. Yet, the greatest problem remaining to be faced may actually be one within the Jewish community.
We have a very real dilemma. There is one Kosher deli in the metro area, Maccabee Deli. It’s owner is a member of Chabad, a friend of the owners of Agriprocessors, who sends several of his children to school in Postville and who purchases his meat from the plant there. This is not surprising since Agriprocessors provides most of the Glatt Kosher meat in this country. Many Kosher Delis are in the same boat.
The Maccabee Deli is a community institution. In many ways, it is the heart of Orthodox community. Do we boycott it? What happens to those who need Kosher food in Des Moines if we do? The meat that has come from that plant has been approved as Kosher by the Orthodox Union. Will we insist on Hekhsher Tzedek, telling the Orthodox Union, the dominant group dealing with Kosher food in this country, that we Reform and Conservative Jews, most of whom don’t even follow the Halakhah much if at all, know what should be Kosher and what should not be so and that they are wrong?
Many among us, Reform and Conservative Jews, do not even keep Kosher, yet perhaps that is only in the traditional sense. Some of us buy Fair-Trade products when we can, eat organic foods if we can, and avoid purchasing products made by companies and in places wherein workers are exploited. Many drive hybrid vehicles and many more would likely do so if we could afford one. We change out our regular light bulbs for energy efficient ones and we push for divestment from places like Darfur.
The social activist in me asks, “How can we not boycott anything having to do with Agriprocessors?”
The rebel, the prophetic part of me, asks, “How can we not condemn these actions?” and suggests further that, “Of course, we can tell the Orthodox establishment that we disagree, after all, isn’t that how Reform Judaism came to be in the first place?”
The advocate for Klal Yisrael, concerned with the implications for our Jewish community asks, “How can we take action that will harm, possibly irrevocably, an institution vital to the life of a good part of the Jewish community in which we live?”
The answers to these questions will be different for each of us. You will make your own decisions. As for me, I have decided not to knowingly consume products that come from Agriprocessors and that I will join with those pursuing Hekhsher Tzedek, a righteous Kashrut. Yet I will not act beyond those decisions in such a way that will harm our Jewish community though my own advocacy. We all, as Jewish adults, must take the responsibility for our actions and inaction.
Let us, strive for a higher standard, whether or not we feel that we should be held to one. Let us continue to “Remember the stranger, for you (WE – all of us) were a stranger in the land of Egypt.” This Shabbat may we, laboring to repair our broken world, in the words of Rabbi Kamenetzky, “Do our best to hear the pain and suffering of those who cry to us.”
Shabbat Shalom.
Sunday, April 20, 2008
Opening Our Tent: Welcoming the Stranger
Opening Our Tent: Welcoming the Stranger
Rosh Hashanah Morning 2007-5768
Rabbi David Kaufman
Today, we read the story of the Binding of Isaac, but I would like to talk about another aspect of the story of Abraham’s life without which there would have been no binding of Isaac. There would have been no Isaac. It is a story found only three chapters earlier in the book of Genesis and is more directly connected to the holiday of Sukkot.
Once, on a hot day, Abraham sat under the shadow of the oak, at the entrance of his tent, and saw Three Strangers standing before him. Abraham loved to receive strangers. He immediately got up and ran to meet them, bowed to the earth, and invited them to rest at his home under the tree and to strengthen themselves with food.
The strangers came to his abode. According to the custom of that time, Abraham washed their feet, gave them bread which had just been prepared by his wife Sarah, set forth oil, milk, and the best fatted calf, and called them to eat.
And they said to him, "Where is Sarah, thy wife?"
He answered, "Behold, in the tent."
One of Them said, "I will assuredly return to thee in a year; and, behold, Sarah thy wife shall have a son."
Sarah, who was standing out of sight in the entrance to the tent, heard these words. She laughed to herself and thought, "How can this be possible, when I am already old?"
But the Stranger said, "Why should Sarah laugh?...Is anything too hard for Adonai? At the time appointed I will return to you,... and Sarah shall bear a son."
And one year later, Isaac was born. Tradition tells us that it was Abraham’s actions in welcoming the strangers into his home that brought about the blessing of Isaac’s birth. Thus, had Abraham not welcomed the three visitors, the Akeidah story, nor the blessings that followed from it including the eventual birth of Jacob, ancestor of all of the Children of Israel: none of that would have happened. The very existence of our people is rooted in welcoming the stranger into our midst.
The story of the Ushpizin, the holy visitors, is one of the traditional themes of the holiday of Sukkot. It is customary to invite guests to dine in your Sukkah. Some of you may even have seen the Israeli film, Ushpizin, about an Ultra-Orthodox couple that receives some very un-Orthodox visitors into their Sukkah, who test their faith. If you have not seen it, I highly recommend it.
I have talked extensively about the need to welcome all members of interfaith families into our community. Recently, I have talked about the Reform Jewish views as well as my own, toward Gays and Lesbians and same sex unions. The ways in which we as Jews welcome these groups differs from movement to movement and from congregation to congregation. You may know that I have also worked with the Sudanese community in Des Moines over the past four years attempting to bring attention to the ongoing crisis in the Darfur region of Sudan, where hundreds of thousands have died in recent years. Our community, Jews and non-Jews, has made an effort to reach out to the Sudanese here in Des Moines in order to help them acclimate to Iowa and attempted to lobby our state and federal governments hoping to bring more refugees to Iowa.
There are hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees that have fled the fighting in Sudan. Many have gone to Egypt and no small number are looking toward the Promised Land as their destination.
In a recent article, published in Israeli newspapers, Aliza Olmert, Prime Minister Ehud Olmert’s wife, wrote about the journey of the multitude of Sudanese Muslim refugees trying to cross the Egyptian border into Israel.
She went to interview the people and even visited the Darfur region of Sudan to learn about their suffering firsthand, to understand the difficulties that Israel is facing in coping with their arrival, and to perhaps help it to face those difficulties better.
Here is the situation she describes:
There are those who warn of some 3 million illegal residents in Egypt getting ready to come to Israel. A payment of $1,500 for a man and $750 for the woman will get you across the border, from Cairo to Philadelphi, the border between Egypt and Israel.
You’re certainly not the first who hopes to swap a $50 a month salary in Cairo for a $1,000 one in Eilat.
When you get to the Egyptian border they will fire a few warning shots in the distance. Don’t worry about it; it’s just a little commotion as you cross the wire fence. Then dash across the few meters between the Third World and a country party to the refugee treaty. A few more steps and you’ve crossed into ‘The Land of Peace’ – as the Eritrean refugee caught last night by IDF forces called it.
Now all you have left to do is wait. The IDF vehicle has already been alerted to the scene ever since the border cameras picked up signs of suspicious movement. The Israeli soldier who will determine that you are not smuggling arms will then give you a drink of water and hold your baby while you clamber onto your ride to the Gozal encampment-- a few dusty prefabricated structures.
A payment of $750 for a woman to cross the border (Photo: AFP)
The soldiers entrusted with guarding this stretch of the border aren’t prepared for hosting duties. Certainly not for people so weary and tired they can’t seem to even look at you. The country lacks the billions needed to fence the Philadelphi route. The porous borders of a developed country are an impossible temptation and a solider tending to refugees is distracted from his original mission.
Those caught tonight stretch out on the floor of an office cleared of its furniture, makeshift partitions divide between a group of laborers from Eritrea to a family – father, mother and two children – who escaped the genocide in Darfur.
The sharp odor of sweat permeates the room. It’s hot, stuffy and frightening. The family covers itself in military blankets. The father’s feet stick out, his soles scarred. His beautiful wife sits beside him and holds the girl, the boy wheezes in his sleep. The father tells me in English of the Janjaweed who burned their village. Of the family members who perished there.
The Israeli soldier will determine your fate (Photo: Meir Azoulai)
The fate of the people that Aliza Olmert met will be decided by a UN expert. He is the one charged with verifying their story, with determining whether they are deserving of refugee status.
Yet Israel only knows how to handle refugees that enter the country through normal channels, whose settlement is paid for by international organizations in the Jewish community, and who may be assimilated into Israeli culture most easily through Jewish institutions and schools. It has no national organization, no national institutions to handle refugees simply crossing the border in order to find safety.
Just the thought of Muslims fleeing to Israel as a safe haven is somewhat amusing. Here are black African Muslims fleeing persecution by other Muslims by going to the only Jewish nation in the world, one created as a safe haven for Jews fleeing persecution and genocide, and whose very existence continues to be threatened. Israel is The Land of Peace, not only for Jews, but for Muslims.
The Israeli army, for all of its expertise in military concerns, has no idea how to deal with refugees. It has in the past literally unloaded a jeep with freed refugees in the Beersheba marketplace because it believed that the other authorities should be handling the refugees and not the military. This has led to heated arguments between local municipalities and governmental agencies about who should be dealing with the refugees and as in the case of some refugees from Sudan, resulted in Israeli non-governmental organizations taking over their care.
A modern exodus. Mother and child in the Rose Garden, Jerusalem (Photo: amir Cohen)
Israel can most certainly not take it hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees. It cannot even take in tens of thousands of Sudanese refugees. But, as Aliza Olmert pointed out, “sending a Sudanese back to Sudan after he has visited Israel, an enemy nation, is tantamount to a death sentence.” Egypt, meanwhile, has even shot Sudanese attempting to cross the border into Israel from Egypt in order to discourage others from entering Egypt to do so.
'We must be compassionate' (Photo: AP)
This New Year, Israel is dealing with continuing Qassam missile fire from Gaza into Sderot, the Iranian nuclear threat, belligerent rhetoric being exchanged between Israel and Syria, Hamas continuing to challenge for control of the Palestinian Authority, as well as the fortification of the north by Hizballah--and even under all of this threat, Israel was the safehaven sought out by Muslims fleeing genocide in the Muslim world.
Perhaps, the story of Abraham and the visitors is indeed appropriate to this story. Through no small effort, the nation of Israel came into being and like the life of Isaac, it all too often seems to hang on a thread. But in welcoming the strangers, we are told that Abraham and Sarah were blessed with Isaac and because of that the people and nation of Israel lives. How can we not embrace and welcome those fleeing from genocide?
Israel is indeed doing exactly that. The refugees are coming. Muslims fleeing to the Jewish state for safety.
Could it be that this should not be so strange to us? Could it be that long ago our ancestors understood what we today struggle to understand?
Perhaps we have had the answer for more than 2,500 years. In the words of Isaiah, “As for the strangers… let them rejoice in My House of Prayer… For My House shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples” (Is. 56:6-7).
Then again, that answer is found in the very document creating the nation of Israel. The Declaration Of TheEstablishment Of The State Of Israel includes the following paragraph:
THE STATE OF ISRAEL will be open for Jewish immigration and for the Ingathering of the Exiles; it will foster the development of the country for the benefit of all its inhabitants; it will be based on freedom, justice and peace as envisaged by the prophets of Israel.
The prophetic voice drives us to Tikkun Olam, to the repair of the world and to Gimilut Hasadim, to acts of kindness that better our world.
History has taught us that the nations of the world will all too quickly turn a blind eye to the suffering of peoples threatened with genocide. Our people died by the millions because they were turned away.
In the words of Rabbi Hillel, the practice of Judaism is based upon a single rule: Do not do unto others as you would have them not do unto you, all the rest is commentary, go and learn it. We would not have them turn us away in our flight. We cannot turn them away in theirs.
When a refugee from Darfur crosses the border with his wife and children and the Israeli soldier asks, “Who will take care of these people in their time of need?” Do you know what the answer is?
You and me. All of us. The descendants of Isaac, who Tradition tells us would not have been born if not for Abraham’s generosity toward Three Strangers. Israel must meet this challenge and we must aid it to do so. Israel understands this and is trying its best, we must do likewise to help through our generosity and our political voice on its behalf.
May the new year see an end to the violence in Darfur and may it see the dawn of Shalom for Israel and the Middle East. Let it be for us a year filled with Gimilut Hasadim, acts of kindness, and may we, like Abraham, be blessed because we welcome and bless others.
L’shanah Tovah Tikateivu.
May we all be inscribed in the Book of Life for a good year.
The following is additional information concerning NGOs that are involved:
Shalom All,
Here is a good discussion of the moral/ethical issues faced by Israel in dealing with the Sudanese refugees. The army has as of now said that any refugees fleeing from Darfur specifically will be admitted, but those coming for economic reasons primarily will not. This is likely to be a temporary solution since Israel cannot possibly admit tens of thousands of refugees fleeing from Darfur either:
http://www.globalvoicesonline.org/2007/08/01/israel-sudanese-refugees-like-darfur-as-auschwitz/
This article deals with the educational solutions currently:
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/893499.html
The most important NGO helping the Sudanese however is Magen David Adom. MDA helps migrants of all kinds from the moment they cross the border. Many are in very poor health and MDA takes care of their medical needs. MDA right now has organized teams to be sent at a moment's notice to meet migrants to which they are alerted by the IDF. MDA has also provided supplies for schools, jobs, housing, etc...
Please see the Magen David Adom website for more information and to make donations http://www.mdais.org/main/siteNew/index.php?langId=1 .
Other organizations that are helping Sudanese in Israel include Rabbis for Human Rights and Physicians for Human Rights. Also Hotline, which is an organization helping migrant workers in Israel: http://www.hotline.org.il/ .
Rosh Hashanah Morning 2007-5768
Rabbi David Kaufman
Today, we read the story of the Binding of Isaac, but I would like to talk about another aspect of the story of Abraham’s life without which there would have been no binding of Isaac. There would have been no Isaac. It is a story found only three chapters earlier in the book of Genesis and is more directly connected to the holiday of Sukkot.
Once, on a hot day, Abraham sat under the shadow of the oak, at the entrance of his tent, and saw Three Strangers standing before him. Abraham loved to receive strangers. He immediately got up and ran to meet them, bowed to the earth, and invited them to rest at his home under the tree and to strengthen themselves with food.
The strangers came to his abode. According to the custom of that time, Abraham washed their feet, gave them bread which had just been prepared by his wife Sarah, set forth oil, milk, and the best fatted calf, and called them to eat.
And they said to him, "Where is Sarah, thy wife?"
He answered, "Behold, in the tent."
One of Them said, "I will assuredly return to thee in a year; and, behold, Sarah thy wife shall have a son."
Sarah, who was standing out of sight in the entrance to the tent, heard these words. She laughed to herself and thought, "How can this be possible, when I am already old?"
But the Stranger said, "Why should Sarah laugh?...Is anything too hard for Adonai? At the time appointed I will return to you,... and Sarah shall bear a son."
And one year later, Isaac was born. Tradition tells us that it was Abraham’s actions in welcoming the strangers into his home that brought about the blessing of Isaac’s birth. Thus, had Abraham not welcomed the three visitors, the Akeidah story, nor the blessings that followed from it including the eventual birth of Jacob, ancestor of all of the Children of Israel: none of that would have happened. The very existence of our people is rooted in welcoming the stranger into our midst.
The story of the Ushpizin, the holy visitors, is one of the traditional themes of the holiday of Sukkot. It is customary to invite guests to dine in your Sukkah. Some of you may even have seen the Israeli film, Ushpizin, about an Ultra-Orthodox couple that receives some very un-Orthodox visitors into their Sukkah, who test their faith. If you have not seen it, I highly recommend it.
I have talked extensively about the need to welcome all members of interfaith families into our community. Recently, I have talked about the Reform Jewish views as well as my own, toward Gays and Lesbians and same sex unions. The ways in which we as Jews welcome these groups differs from movement to movement and from congregation to congregation. You may know that I have also worked with the Sudanese community in Des Moines over the past four years attempting to bring attention to the ongoing crisis in the Darfur region of Sudan, where hundreds of thousands have died in recent years. Our community, Jews and non-Jews, has made an effort to reach out to the Sudanese here in Des Moines in order to help them acclimate to Iowa and attempted to lobby our state and federal governments hoping to bring more refugees to Iowa.
There are hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees that have fled the fighting in Sudan. Many have gone to Egypt and no small number are looking toward the Promised Land as their destination.
In a recent article, published in Israeli newspapers, Aliza Olmert, Prime Minister Ehud Olmert’s wife, wrote about the journey of the multitude of Sudanese Muslim refugees trying to cross the Egyptian border into Israel.
She went to interview the people and even visited the Darfur region of Sudan to learn about their suffering firsthand, to understand the difficulties that Israel is facing in coping with their arrival, and to perhaps help it to face those difficulties better.
Here is the situation she describes:
There are those who warn of some 3 million illegal residents in Egypt getting ready to come to Israel. A payment of $1,500 for a man and $750 for the woman will get you across the border, from Cairo to Philadelphi, the border between Egypt and Israel.
You’re certainly not the first who hopes to swap a $50 a month salary in Cairo for a $1,000 one in Eilat.
When you get to the Egyptian border they will fire a few warning shots in the distance. Don’t worry about it; it’s just a little commotion as you cross the wire fence. Then dash across the few meters between the Third World and a country party to the refugee treaty. A few more steps and you’ve crossed into ‘The Land of Peace’ – as the Eritrean refugee caught last night by IDF forces called it.
Now all you have left to do is wait. The IDF vehicle has already been alerted to the scene ever since the border cameras picked up signs of suspicious movement. The Israeli soldier who will determine that you are not smuggling arms will then give you a drink of water and hold your baby while you clamber onto your ride to the Gozal encampment-- a few dusty prefabricated structures.
A payment of $750 for a woman to cross the border (Photo: AFP)
The soldiers entrusted with guarding this stretch of the border aren’t prepared for hosting duties. Certainly not for people so weary and tired they can’t seem to even look at you. The country lacks the billions needed to fence the Philadelphi route. The porous borders of a developed country are an impossible temptation and a solider tending to refugees is distracted from his original mission.
Those caught tonight stretch out on the floor of an office cleared of its furniture, makeshift partitions divide between a group of laborers from Eritrea to a family – father, mother and two children – who escaped the genocide in Darfur.
The sharp odor of sweat permeates the room. It’s hot, stuffy and frightening. The family covers itself in military blankets. The father’s feet stick out, his soles scarred. His beautiful wife sits beside him and holds the girl, the boy wheezes in his sleep. The father tells me in English of the Janjaweed who burned their village. Of the family members who perished there.
The Israeli soldier will determine your fate (Photo: Meir Azoulai)
The fate of the people that Aliza Olmert met will be decided by a UN expert. He is the one charged with verifying their story, with determining whether they are deserving of refugee status.
Yet Israel only knows how to handle refugees that enter the country through normal channels, whose settlement is paid for by international organizations in the Jewish community, and who may be assimilated into Israeli culture most easily through Jewish institutions and schools. It has no national organization, no national institutions to handle refugees simply crossing the border in order to find safety.
Just the thought of Muslims fleeing to Israel as a safe haven is somewhat amusing. Here are black African Muslims fleeing persecution by other Muslims by going to the only Jewish nation in the world, one created as a safe haven for Jews fleeing persecution and genocide, and whose very existence continues to be threatened. Israel is The Land of Peace, not only for Jews, but for Muslims.
The Israeli army, for all of its expertise in military concerns, has no idea how to deal with refugees. It has in the past literally unloaded a jeep with freed refugees in the Beersheba marketplace because it believed that the other authorities should be handling the refugees and not the military. This has led to heated arguments between local municipalities and governmental agencies about who should be dealing with the refugees and as in the case of some refugees from Sudan, resulted in Israeli non-governmental organizations taking over their care.
A modern exodus. Mother and child in the Rose Garden, Jerusalem (Photo: amir Cohen)
Israel can most certainly not take it hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees. It cannot even take in tens of thousands of Sudanese refugees. But, as Aliza Olmert pointed out, “sending a Sudanese back to Sudan after he has visited Israel, an enemy nation, is tantamount to a death sentence.” Egypt, meanwhile, has even shot Sudanese attempting to cross the border into Israel from Egypt in order to discourage others from entering Egypt to do so.
'We must be compassionate' (Photo: AP)
This New Year, Israel is dealing with continuing Qassam missile fire from Gaza into Sderot, the Iranian nuclear threat, belligerent rhetoric being exchanged between Israel and Syria, Hamas continuing to challenge for control of the Palestinian Authority, as well as the fortification of the north by Hizballah--and even under all of this threat, Israel was the safehaven sought out by Muslims fleeing genocide in the Muslim world.
Perhaps, the story of Abraham and the visitors is indeed appropriate to this story. Through no small effort, the nation of Israel came into being and like the life of Isaac, it all too often seems to hang on a thread. But in welcoming the strangers, we are told that Abraham and Sarah were blessed with Isaac and because of that the people and nation of Israel lives. How can we not embrace and welcome those fleeing from genocide?
Israel is indeed doing exactly that. The refugees are coming. Muslims fleeing to the Jewish state for safety.
Could it be that this should not be so strange to us? Could it be that long ago our ancestors understood what we today struggle to understand?
Perhaps we have had the answer for more than 2,500 years. In the words of Isaiah, “As for the strangers… let them rejoice in My House of Prayer… For My House shall be called a house of prayer for all peoples” (Is. 56:6-7).
Then again, that answer is found in the very document creating the nation of Israel. The Declaration Of TheEstablishment Of The State Of Israel includes the following paragraph:
THE STATE OF ISRAEL will be open for Jewish immigration and for the Ingathering of the Exiles; it will foster the development of the country for the benefit of all its inhabitants; it will be based on freedom, justice and peace as envisaged by the prophets of Israel.
The prophetic voice drives us to Tikkun Olam, to the repair of the world and to Gimilut Hasadim, to acts of kindness that better our world.
History has taught us that the nations of the world will all too quickly turn a blind eye to the suffering of peoples threatened with genocide. Our people died by the millions because they were turned away.
In the words of Rabbi Hillel, the practice of Judaism is based upon a single rule: Do not do unto others as you would have them not do unto you, all the rest is commentary, go and learn it. We would not have them turn us away in our flight. We cannot turn them away in theirs.
When a refugee from Darfur crosses the border with his wife and children and the Israeli soldier asks, “Who will take care of these people in their time of need?” Do you know what the answer is?
You and me. All of us. The descendants of Isaac, who Tradition tells us would not have been born if not for Abraham’s generosity toward Three Strangers. Israel must meet this challenge and we must aid it to do so. Israel understands this and is trying its best, we must do likewise to help through our generosity and our political voice on its behalf.
May the new year see an end to the violence in Darfur and may it see the dawn of Shalom for Israel and the Middle East. Let it be for us a year filled with Gimilut Hasadim, acts of kindness, and may we, like Abraham, be blessed because we welcome and bless others.
L’shanah Tovah Tikateivu.
May we all be inscribed in the Book of Life for a good year.
The following is additional information concerning NGOs that are involved:
Shalom All,
Here is a good discussion of the moral/ethical issues faced by Israel in dealing with the Sudanese refugees. The army has as of now said that any refugees fleeing from Darfur specifically will be admitted, but those coming for economic reasons primarily will not. This is likely to be a temporary solution since Israel cannot possibly admit tens of thousands of refugees fleeing from Darfur either:
http://www.globalvoicesonline.org/2007/08/01/israel-sudanese-refugees-like-darfur-as-auschwitz/
This article deals with the educational solutions currently:
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/893499.html
The most important NGO helping the Sudanese however is Magen David Adom. MDA helps migrants of all kinds from the moment they cross the border. Many are in very poor health and MDA takes care of their medical needs. MDA right now has organized teams to be sent at a moment's notice to meet migrants to which they are alerted by the IDF. MDA has also provided supplies for schools, jobs, housing, etc...
Please see the Magen David Adom website for more information and to make donations http://www.mdais.org/main/siteNew/index.php?langId=1 .
Other organizations that are helping Sudanese in Israel include Rabbis for Human Rights and Physicians for Human Rights. Also Hotline, which is an organization helping migrant workers in Israel: http://www.hotline.org.il/ .
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
